Academic Achievement - 7009 Words

1 Text 1-1 1.1 1.2 Academic Achievement This unit will help you: use your prior knowledge to help you understand what you are reading; practice reading for a specific purpose; make decisions about the relevance of a text in terms of reading purpose; read selectively in order to use appropriate information from the text. †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ The topic of this unit concerns factors that may lead to improvement in academic performance among students. It is based on three major research projects carried out in the United States. The influence of class size on academic achievement (157–159) Task 1: Predicting text content Think about what factors can have an influence on the academic achievement of the students in a school, college, or†¦show more content†¦The following activity will provide practice in this important skill. 5.1 Look at line 119 of Text 1-1. What information or idea in the text do the words these findings refer to? a) The US Department of Education b) The National Assessment of Educational Progress c) Project STAR Study tip An effective reader makes use of referencing in a text to gain a clear understanding of what the author wishes to convey. 20 English for academic study Academic Achievement 5.2 What other words or phrases (lines 119–148) refer to the same data? a) b) 5.3 (line number (line number ) ) 1 What reasons do the writers give for ignoring the data? Complete the list below, using a similar note form. a) b) c) d) e) 5.4 What factors, according to the writers, made Project STAR better than other poorly designed studies? Complete the list below, using a similar note form. a) b) c) d) e) Text 1-2 A case study: Shining star (p. 160) Task 6: Reading a text for closer understanding (1) 6.1 What general point is made in the first paragraph of Text 1-2 (lines 1–11)? Find a short phrase that best summarizes this conclusion. Reading Writing 21 21 6.2 In the second paragraph, which of the following benefits of smaller classes do Finn and Achilles (1990) identify in their review of the project? Answer true or false and add the line number from where you found the answer. a) BetterShow MoreRelatedRelationships Between 5 After School Activities And Academic Achievement Essay776 Words   |  4 PagesCritique â€Å"Relationships Between 5 After-School Activities and Academic Achievement† Psych 103 Prof. Cornelia Rea October 22, 2016 Logan Roberts The article â€Å"Relationships Between Five After-School Activities and Academic Achievement† by Harris Cooper, Jeffery C. Valentine, James Lindsay, and Barbara Nye, was published in the Journal of Educational Psychology in 1999, and it delves into how various after-school activities impact academic performance. Specifically, the study researched how homeworkRead MoreSocioeconomic Status and Academic Achievement2509 Words   |  10 Pagesin students’ community have a strong impact on academic achievement. For example, English (2002) found that approximately half of the difference in test score can be attributed to demographic factors such as income, parents’ education attainment, and urban influence, rather than the schools (Lubienski, 2002). Low SES can have a negative impact on American children’s educational attainment. Poverty can explain 15% of the deviation in student academic performance in the United States. Although theRead MoreAcademic Achievement Of Graduate Education1116 Words   |  5 PagesMany undergraduate nursing programs aim to fulfill many pathways into the nursing career while inspiring early achievement of graduate education. The undergraduate programs share multiple commonalities, the differences are visible in the structure of the courses structure and the contents (Billings Halstead, 2016, p. 135). The first curriculum model of training created in the late nineteenth and early to mid-twentieth centuries was the Diploma programs. At first the program was associated withRead MorePeer Pressure Towards Negative Behaviour and Classroom Quality Effects on Academic Achievement2678 Words   |  11 Pagesof behavior and achievement through peer pressure and classroom quality (Adams, Ryan, Ketsetzi s, and Keating, 2000). The main question the researcher is curious is about understanding the effects of environmental factors towards children. How could peer pressure affect the behavior of children; and to what extent does it influence children? What about the quality of classroom and how can it be applied to maximize and promote better conditions for children in academic achievement? It is believed thatRead MoreEssay1013 Words   |  5 PagesThere are multiple educators who analyze learner’s strengths, capabilities ahead of distinctive modifications and accommodations. The ensuing present level of Academic achievement also functional performance (PLAAFP) will include Ana capabilities, evaluation, achievement in classes, impact of vocabulary, lifestyle, also family background. Additionally her strengths, preferences, interest in nonacademic areas; along with any other relevant issues. Read MoreEssay1013 Words   |  5 PagesThere are multiple educators who analyze learner’s strengths, capabilities ahead of distinctive modifications and accommodations. The ensuing present level of Academic achievement also functional performance (PLAAFP) will include Ana capabilities, evaluation, achievement in classes, impact of vocabulary, lifestyle, also family background. Additionally her strengths, preferences, interest in nonacademic areas; along with any other relevant issues. Read MoreAcademic Achievement - Document944 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction: Academic Achievement is the most important skill in every student’s life. It helps us to discover more about the theories and certain known facts and also to develop our personal growth. Academic study is a way of exploring, addressing and expressing ideas and a way of communicating results and enjoys learning. The aims of Academic Study are to focus in becoming a well qualified degree holder, developing skills, knowledge and even to enjoy learning. It requires hard work, self-disciplineRead MoreStress And Academic Achievement Between Blue Ribbon Schools Vs. 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Based off this the experimenters further evaluated how competition and virtue played an affect on how little or how much one might cheat. As noted in the title, â€Å"Gender, Contingencies of Self-Worth, and Achievement Goals as Predictors of Academic Cheating in a ControlledRead MoreDiscipline And Their Effectiveness On Academic Achievement Essay833 Words   |  4 PagesDiscipline Referrals and their effectiveness on Academic Achievement Introduction Do using discipline referrals as a frequent classroom management philosophy increase student achievement scores? In today’s schools there are many theories about how to effectively handle a classroom. Teachers are given options across the educational discipline spectrum, but ultimately are given the choice about how to effectively handle their own classroom management. One potential step in handling classroom discipline

A New School - Original Writing - 1798 Words

I walked into a new school, in a new town. I was barely seven years old and I didn’t know what life is going to be like from there on out. Loaded down with pencils, paper, and pages one to one hundred of the Crayola catalog, I wandered into the big brown building and down the pale blue halls to find my classroom. I stumbled upon the room labeled 2E to find a score of other children talking about how the summer went and where they went on vacation. A petite young teacher walked over to greet me and my mother; she directed me to my desk and sat me next to a young girl. The seats were labeled in alphabetical order: Guerrero, Hobbick, Hodges. The girl seated next to me bubbles with excitement and asks me my name, saying she’s never seen me†¦show more content†¦A once pleasant, friendly girl was now irritated and annoyed that a foreign boy had invaded the space between her and her best friend. I stood isolated and alone in the big room surrounded by strangers while the two chattered around me. â€Å"Lindsey, Casey, it’s the first day. I do not want to separate the two of you already.† The two girls looked at the rubber floor and turned to the boy who had made them speak louder than they needed to before. The two girls saw only a barrier between them, a 38th parallel of friendship stood between them. The young girl who once greeted me with a friendly smile, now wanted nothing to do with me. I stood surrounded by other students, but I was alone in unfamiliarity of the new school. Five years went by, and life was no longer solitary; it was fun again. I knew everybody there, and people liked me now. However, I didn’t know what seventh grade would bring with it. And, what it did bring was the best thing to ever happen to me. The little girl who shot icicles through me on my first day became my best friend. She’d grown up just like I had and a mild friendship grew with us. One late night in December, I sat in my bedroom of the old country farmhouse. The house had no central air conditioning so the thermometer crept further and further toward fifty degrees on those cold winter nights. As I sat in bed looking through my phone underneath all of the blankets. I found the girl’s number and grounded up theShow MoreRelatedMy New School - Original Writing1890 Words   |  8 PagesI finally stepped into my new school, in an unfamiliar town. I had just turned seven years old and I was unsure about what life is going to be like from there on out. Loaded down with pencils, paper, and pages one to one hundred of the supplies from the Crayola catalog, I wandered into the towering brown building and down the pale blue halls to find what would be my classroom for the next nine months. 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A Story of Three Progressives Free Essays

string(67) " and more than likely offers little or no intrinsic satisfactions\." A Story of Three Progressives Three classic theorists, Karl Marx, Emile Durkheim, and Max Weber have discussed and analyzed the complexity of modernization. Modernization is a broad concept that refers to major social changes which occur when a pre-industrial society develops economically and the workplace shifts from the home to the factory (industrialization), people move from farms into cities where jobs are available (urbanization), and large-scale formal organizations emerge (bureaucratization). Each of these sociologists have developed major theoretical and methodological statements on the topic of modernization and many of their theories that were made a century or two ago still hold true today. We will write a custom essay sample on A Story of Three Progressives or any similar topic only for you Order Now Beginning with Karl Marx, an extreme revolutionary of the 19th century, he argued that modernization is an ascendancy of industrial capitalism. His idea of modernity was shaped by three developments in history: the French revolutions of 1789 and 1848, the industrial and agricultural revolutions in Britain, and the collapse of the church’s intellectual credibility. Despite living his life when most of Europe was still agricultural and artisanal; most European states were still dominated by monarchical power; and most Europeans still went to church, Marx understood industrial labor and some of its future effects. Marx depicts modernization as a capitalist society working as a system, in which each group or individual works to fulfill the need of another. As soon as an individual enters a capitalist society, he is socialized into a certain role or behavior which fulfills the needs of that society (role meaning either a proletariat or a capitalist). For instance, if an individual is a proletariat he must work for a capitalist to satisfy the needs of the society. (cite communist manifesto somewhere). This division between the proletarians and the capitalists are enforced for the benefit of the owners so that they can exploit the working class for their own means, but the working class does not resist because this system has become normalized. The two classes work as a â€Å"team† and through a hierarchy create a productive society. Overall, Marx thinks of modernization as a world where individuals rely on each other to function, and each individual is assigned a role. Next, Emile Durkheim stressed that modernization involves an increased division of labor (specialized economic activity), and a shift from mechanical to organic solidarity. This academic discusses division of labor as a necessary tool for a productive society, but it is also a natural occurrence. Durkheim proceeds from the concept that the division is an organic outgrowth of a society in which different people have different interests and skills. Therefore, a society in which individuals specialize in producing a good or service will be more efficient than a society that is generalized. Durkheim’s view of modernization explains that iindividuals no longer perform the same tasks, have the same interests, nor necessarily share the same perspectives on life. But, Durkheim makes it clear that this does not cause a society to fail or disintegrate, instead organic solidarity is formed. Similar to the organs within a body, individuals perform certain specific functions, but rely on the well-being and successful performance of other individuals. If one organ fails, the rest of them fail as well. A body, or in this case a society, cannot function at all if one part crumbles. This reliance upon each other for social (and even physical) survival is the source of organic solidarity and the modern world’s interdependency in a society. Lastly, Max Weber analyzed modernization as the replacement of tradition with rationality. He felt that society will become more complicated, specialized, professionalized, and stratified in the modern world. Prayer and religion will no longer be aspects that fix and/or help solve problems. Science will be the rational way of thought and will be the dominate way of finding a solution. Specialization will result in professionalism, which in turn will bring more order to the modern world as every segment of every job will have a â€Å"specialist†. In general, modernization to Weber meant society will be controlled by managers and experts, and rationality will dictate the way of life. Each of these theorists have strong opinions on modernization and developed what they believe will be the effects of it in the future. Between Marx, Durkheim, and Weber, various theoretical arguments have been made, each being extremely progressive thoughts for the time period they lived in. Karl Marx thinks modernization leads to both good and bad outcomes. One outcome modernization leads to is alienation. Marx believed that alienation is a systematic result of capitalism, in which both the capitalist and proletariat become isolated. This theory is based upon his observation that, in emerging industrial production, under capitalism, workers inevitably lose control of their lives and selves in not having any control of their work. Thus, workers never become autonomous, self-realized human beings in any significant sense. Karl Marx attributes four types of alienation in labor under capitalism. The first type is when the worker becomes alienated from his own human potential. The workplace is no longer a place of fulfillment, but instead where the worker feels the least human and the least like himself. Ultimately, the worker becomes a machine that is controlled. The next type of alienation occurs between workers. This happens because capitalism reduces labor to a commodity to be traded on the market, rather than a true social relationship. Even if a worker is side by side another worker, he is unlikely to communicate with him due to the nature of capitalism (e. . an assembly line using technology does not allow one to speak with a fellow worker). Thirdly, the worker becomes alienated from the product itself. This occurs because the capitalist class controls the worker and in turn owns the product. In fact, a worker must buy the product he makes for the same price as anyone else. Lastly, a worker becomes alienated from the entire production process. This means that the actua l work becomes mindless, meaningless, and more than likely offers little or no intrinsic satisfactions. You read "A Story of Three Progressives" in category "Papers" Similarly, a worker who performs a very specialized task may not even know what the final product will be. Another outcome Marx believes modernization leads to is social stratification. Social stratification means that working class people are not likely to advance socioeconomically, while the wealthy people may continue to exploit the proletariat generation after generation. Marx identified that the social classes are stratified based on their connection to the means of production and therefore the ruling class, bourgeoisie, and proletarians, maintain their social positions by maintaining their elationship with the means of production. This maintenance of status quo is achieved by various methods of social control employed by the bourgeoisie within many aspects of social life (e. g. religion). Marx also strongly believed modernization would cause products and/or commodities to have exchange value. This meant that instead of products being used immediately, they would be exchanged in the market for money or other objects. This use value is connected to the relationship between human needs and tangible objects that can satisfy those needs. For instance, shoes have the purpose of protecting ones feet and bread has the use value of satisfying hunger. If an individual chooses to trade one of these objects for the other than he has given each an exchange value. According to Marx, the various exchange values of commodities reflect the various amounts of labor, measured in time, that their production requires. Commodities and their use value lead to Marx’s idea on the â€Å"fetishism of commodities. † This is when the commodity takes on its own form. This can be something an individual produces or even one’s own labor. One’s own labor can even become a commodity, as it bought and sold and therefore requires an exchange value. This idea also relates to alienation mentioned above. A workers labor is used by the capitalist to make the objects that ultimately come to dominate the workers. Hence, commodities are the source of alienation because workers produce for the sake of others instead of for their own purposes and needs. Similarly, the fetishism of commodities can be interpreted into the concept of reification. Reification is the process of coming to believe that humanly created social forms are natural, universal, and absolute things. This implies that people believe that social structures are beyond their control and unchangeable. Marx believed capitalism would cause reification to occur and create a self-fulfilling prophecy in which structures actually do become the character others believe they are. This concept demonstrates that capitalism will not only lead to objects given value, but people as well. Marx also feels that modernization leads to wants becoming needs, and needs reating more needs. In other words, the satisfaction of one’s needs can lead to the creation of new needs. Ritzers example for this is how the production of cars satisfied the need for long-distance travel, but led to a new need for highways. Also, at one time people did not feel they needed cars when the car was first invented, but nowadays most people feel they need them. Therefore, Marx concluded that la bor occurs in response to needs, but the labor itself transforms needs, which can lead to new forms of productive activity. One final thought Karl Marx thought capitalism would create was a proletariat revolution. Because the capitalist exploit the workers, Marx believed that sooner or later the proletarians would fight back. As capitalism progresses more and more people become workers, and less people become capitalists. Marx thought that with increasing numbers of workers, more resistance to exploitation and oppression would occur, ultimately leading to a confrontation and revolution. Despite these thoughts, Marx felt that capitalism was a step in the right direction. The birth of capitalism opened up new possibilities for freedom of workers and provides possibility for freedom from the traditions from previous societies (pre capitalism). Though, Marx was an advocate of Communism and believed this was the answer to a change in mode of production. Next, Emile Durkheim has theories on the effects of modernization as well. First, Durkheim believes modernization leads to dynamic density. Over time, societies go through a transition from being more primitive/mechanical, to being more modern/organic; the difference lying in the source of their solidarity, or what holds them together (Ritzer, 2007). The cause of this transition is an increase in dynamic density. One may think the solution to this problem is to have a growing or increasing population, but this is not sufficient enough to create change in the division of labor. The reason for this is that individuals and small groups of people can live in relative isolation from one another and still perform most of the tasks necessary for survival themselves, no matter how big the overall population gets (Ritzer, 2007). Therefore, a growing population must also increase the frequency with which people interact within and between social groups. This increase in dynamic density is likely to cause a division of labor and the transformation of social solidarity. As mentioned above, Durkheim developed two terms: mechanical and organic solidarity. A society characterized by mechanical solidarity means a unified one in which every person is a generalist. This society is held together because each individual is engaged in a similar activity as the another, and can therefore relate with each other. Contrasting, organic solidarity is held together by the differences among people and the fact that each individual has a different job or task. Durkheim believed that modern society was one in which there are a narrow range of tasks and many people must work in order to survive. Therefore, modern society is held together by the specialization of people and their need for the services of many others. Unfortunately, according to Durkheim, this means that modern societies have weaker shared understandings, norms, and beliefs than primitive ones, but are more likely to be cohesive from the division of labor. Along with dynamic density, Durkheim was concerned about the moral â€Å"health†of modern society. He felt that morality was connected with society and therefore society could not be immoral, but it could possibly lose its moral force if the collective interest of society became nothing but self-interests of individuals. Durkheim also felt that people were in risk of a â€Å"pathological† loosening of moral bonds (Ritzer, 2007). Without this, people would be in search of more and more gratification, leading to more and more needs. Every human being will want more and society will start to not limit these needs. Durkheim called this the â€Å"insatiable desire† that modernization would endure. In summary, Durkheim debates in The Division of Labor that moral solidarity has changed in modern society and that modern society allows for more interdependence and closer, less competitive relations. Lastly, Max Weber thinks modernization leads to a variety of outcomes. The first outcome of modernization is bureaucracy. How to cite A Story of Three Progressives, Papers